Schizoid and Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Schizoid Personality Disorder from Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Schizoid personality disorder and schizotypal personality are mental disorders belonging to the category of cluster A- personality disorders (Esterberg, Goulding, and Walker, 2010). They are typified by a pervasive pattern of bizarre behavior, thoughts, and interactions in social situations in ways that affect self-identity and interpersonal functioning for the sufferer. Although schizoid personality disorder from schizotypal personality sound similar and share many symptoms, their differences become evident when it comes to comprehensive assessment for each disorder.

Schizotypical disorder is typified by a distorted perceptions and cognition, and pattern of interpersonal and social deficits. People with schizotypical personality may desire close relationships but the symptoms render it difficult to forge these connections. To be diagnosed with schizotypical personality, the patient must display a pervasive persistent pattern of discomfort with close relationships, eccentricities of behavior, and perceptual/cognitive distortion (Relojo-Howell, 2020). These symptoms begin in earlier adulthood. This pattern is indicated by the presence of at least five of the following: (1) unusual perceptional experiences; (2) paranoid thoughts; (3) magical thinking; (4) idea of reference; (5) strange speech habits; (6) restricted or inappropriate feelings; (7) eccentric, peculiar, or odd behavior ; (8) lack of close friends and; (9) excessive social anxiety (Relojo-Howell, 2020).

On the other hand, schizoid personality disorder is typified by social isolation as well as indifference toward others. People with this disorder avoid social situations involving interacting with others and thus are often withdrawn. Patients with schizoid personality disorder do not display strange, disorganized behavior and thought as those with schizotypal personality do (Relojo-Howell, 2020). To diagnose schizoid personality disorder, the patient must display a persistent disinterest in, and detachment from social relationships with limited emotional expression in interpersonal interactions (Zimmerman, 2021). This pattern is manifested in at least four of the following: prefer solitary activities; do not enjoy close relationships; enjoy limited activities; disinterested in sexual activity; have no confidants/close friends; emotionally cold and detached; and indifferent toward others (Fariba, & Gupta, 2021).

References

Esterberg, M. L., Goulding, S. M., & Walker, E. F. (2010). Cluster A Personality Disorders: Schizotypal, Schizoid and Paranoid Personality Disorders in Childhood and Adolescence. Journal of Psychopathology and Behavioral Assessment, 32(4), 515–528.

Fariba, K.A., & Gupta, V. (2021). Schizoid Personality Disorder. StatPearls Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Retrieved on February 9, 2022 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559234

Relojo-Howell, D. (2020). What Is the Difference between Schizoid and Schizotypal Personality Disorder? Retrieved on February 9, 2022 from https://www.psychreg.org/difference-between-schizoid-and-schizotypal-personality-disorder/

Zimmerman, M. (2021). Schizotypal Personality Disorder (STPD). Retrieved on February 9, 2022 from https://www.msdmanuals.com/professional/psychiatric-disorders/personality-disorders/schizotypal-personality-disorder-stpd

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