– Use the “Community Teaching Work Plan Proposal” resource to complete this Assignment.
APA 7th Edition
SAMPLE
Planning and Topic
Community Teaching Work Plan Proposal
Primary Prevention/Health Promotion
Planning Before Teaching:
Name and Credentials of Teacher: | |
Estimated Time Teaching Will Last: 25 minutes | Location of Teaching: Living Grace Assisted Living Facility |
Supplies, Material, Equipment Needed: Pamphlets, leaflets, posters. White board | Estimated Cost: $24 |
Community and Target Aggregate: adults of ages | |
Topic: prevention of Diabetes type 2 |
Identification of Focus for Community Teaching (Topic Selection):
The focus of this topic is to initiate a type II diabetes education with American adults aged 30 to 65 years on risk factors and prevention of type II diabetes.
Epidemiological Rationale for Topic (Statistics Related to Topic):
According to the American Diabetes Association, 34.2 million Americans had diabetes in 2018. Of these 34.2 million, 26.8 million are diagnosed cases while 7.3 are undiagnosed (American Diabetes Association 2020). 34.1 million Adults (18 years and over) had diabetes. Diabetes is a preventable disease which is exacerbated by risk factors, such as physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, smoking and obesity. These risks are amenable to change. Populations with higher diabetes prevalence include ethnic and racial minorities, older adults, individuals with less education and lower income. For example, American Indians and Pacific Islanders have highest diabetes rate among the racial groups. The rate of diabetes is as follows; American Indians 14.7%, Hispanics 12.5%, non-Hispanic blacks 11.7%, Asian Americans 9.2% and non-Hispanic whites 7.5% (CDC 2019). This means that American Indians are twice as likely as non-Hispanic whites to be diagnosed with diabetes. Diabetes is the 7th leading cause of mortality in the US accounting for 79,000 deaths per year. Nationally, cases of diagnosed diabetes cost America a total of $327 billion in 2017 (direct medical cost $237 billion and lost productivity) American Diabetes Association. (2020). In Texas, 2. 3 million adults had diagnosed diabetes in 2017. 23.8% of Texan adult population have undiagnosed diabetes. In 2012, Texas incurred $18.9 billion direct medical cost for diabetes and additional $6.7 billion in direct cost (Johnson Dunn, Cooper, & Bhakta, 2019). and The dramatic increase in number of people with type II diabetes coupled with complexity of care for diabetic patients overwhelm existing healthcare systems. There is need to capitalize on latest discoveries on prevention by bringing lifesaving discoveries into practice. Primary prevention efforts targeting at risk groups for developing type II diabetes stand to compliment diabetes management strategies.
Teaching Plan Criteria
Your teaching plan will be graded based on its effectiveness and relevance to the population selected. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.
Nursing Diagnosis: the diagnosis will be based on the fact that the prevalence of type II diabetes increases with age and innovative discoveries indicate the primary prevention can delay or prevent onset of this condition. There is need to educate people on balancing healthy eating with physical exercise. Educate community residents about diet and physical activity to prevent type II diabetes among people at higher risk to reduce new onset diabetes. Physical activity and diet (lifestyle changes) increase the odds of restoring normal blood sugar (normoglycemia) and enhance diabetes risk factors, such as overweight, obesity, abnormal lipid profile, and hypertension Thus the nursing diagnosis is about modifying the risk factors for developing type II diabetes as related to unhealthy eating and lack of physical activity (unhealthy lifestyle behavior).
Readiness for Learning: Identify the factors that would indicate the readiness to learn for the target aggregate. Include emotional and experiential readiness to learn.
Readiness to change lifestyle habits and active participation in physical activity. Factors that demonstrate readiness for learning include the level of attendance and participation in the program, participation of community members in discussion of the subject matter. The participants express their feelings about ways of preventing type II diabetes, ask appropriate questions regarding eliminating risk factors and engage in discussion. They will also verbalize understanding and demonstrate willingness to implement what they learn.
Learning Theory to Be Utilized: Explain how the theory will be applied.
I will employ teach back theory. It is most commonly used to verify patients’ understanding by asking participants to say in their own words what they need to do or know about their own health. Applying teach-back method, I will use caring and plain language in both teaching materials and oral during educational instruction. I will ensure the environment is shame-free and non-judgmental. Participants will be asked to repeat the instructions. Thereafter I will assess their understanding, modify teaching or reteach if understanding is not demonstrated (Leasure & Yen, 2019). This instructional method, which will be executed via personal contact, body language, eye contact and repetition, is recommended for taking universal precaution for health literacy.
Goal: Healthy People 2020 (HP2020) objective(s) utilized as the goal for the teaching. Include the appropriate objective number and rationale for using the selected HP2020 objective (use at least one objective from one of the 24 focus areas). If an HP2020 objective does not support your teaching, explain how your teaching applies to one of the two overarching HP2020 goals.
The focus on teaching primary prevention of diabetes mellitus (type II) is in tandem with HP2020 objective D-1 that specifically entails reducing the annual number of new cases of diagnosed diabetes. The target is a 15% improvement from the baseline of 23.5 new cases per 1000 population aged 18 years and over that took place in the past 48 months to 20 new cases per 1000 population (Office of Minority Health, 2020).
How Does This HP2020 Objective Relate to Alma Ata’s Health for All Global Initiatives
Reducing annual number of new cases of diagnosed diabetes is in line with the Alma Ata’s Health for All Global Initiate in that this objective supports the goal of improving quality of life and increasing healthy life expectancy. There is no doubt that diabetes can shorten life expectancy if not prevented, not diagnosed early and managed properly. A 2020 report indicated that type II diabetes shortened life expectancy by 10 years (Huizen, 2019). Type II diabetes can result in chronic health conditions and complications that shorten life expectancy. Reducing the number of new cases of diagnosed diabetes in at risk populations definitely improves life expectancy.
Develop Behavioral Objectives (Including Domains), Content, and Strategies/Methods:
Behavioral Objective and Domain Example – Third-grade students will name one healthy food choice in each of the five food groups by the end of the presentation. (Cognitive Domain) | Content (be specific) Example – The Food Pyramid has five food groups which are…. Healthy foods from each group are…. Unhealthy foods containing a lot of sugar or fat are…. | Strategies/Methods (label and describe) Example – Interactive poster presentation of the Food Pyramid. After an explanation of the poster and each food category, allow students to place pictures of foods on the correct spot on the pyramid. Also, have the class analyze what a child had for lunch by putting names of foods on the poster and discussing what food group still needs to be eaten throughout day. |
1.Participants will demonstrate the ability to follow low calorie plan by naming a very low carbohydrate diet | Eat small portions than they currently eat of food high in sugars, calories and trans-fat. Whole grains are example of low carbohydrate diet while refined carbohydrates and sugars are rich in carbohydrates | Low carbohydrate diet poster stock illustration Poster presentation of portion sizes Leaflets illustrating recommended daily calories and fat grams |
2.Particiants will identity various aerobic exercises | 2. Recommended amount of aerobic exercise is 150 minutes of moderate activity per week for adults. the alternative is 75 minutes of vigorous exercise per week (World Health Organization 2020) | 2. reading of leaflets, recommendations and comments from community members |
3. Participants will choose to eat healthy diet in place less healthy but high caloric diet | 3. healthy diet include vegetables, fruits, whole grains | 3. interactive poster presentation illustrating food choices Leaflets showing recommended amounts of proteins, carbohydrates and fats |
4. Participants identify other risk health behaviors | 4. Example is smoking and consumption of sport drinks and beverages | 4. question and answer questions |
Creativity: How was creativity applied in the teaching methods/strategies?
Colorful vector illustration with food categories isolated on a bright green background, illustration of food choices and easy to read pamphlets and leaflets.
Planned Evaluation of Objectives (Outcome Evaluation): Describe what you will measure for each objective and how.
Planned Evaluation of Goal: Describe how and when you could evaluate the overall effectiveness of your teaching plan.
The effectiveness of the teaching plan will be evaluated after a week. The best approach to evaluating the effectiveness of this teaching plan would be to feeding patterns and levels of physical activity after the intervention. If they are observing healthy eating and active participation in physical activity, then this teaching plan is deemed effective.
Planned Evaluation of Lesson and Teacher (Process Evaluation):
Participants will complete a brief 4-question evaluation in which they rate their experience. This form is issued at the beginning of the session and collected at the end of the session.
Barriers: What are potential barriers that may arise during teaching and how will those be handled?
Barriers and challenges while carrying out teaching session may surface, including participants falling asleep, language barrier, participants using their phones to receive and make calls, participants talking to each other while the session is in progress and inadequate teaching time to cover every detail. It will be explained to the audience that the session lasts only 25 minutes and be urged to exercise patience. Participants will be asked to switch off their phone fr little awhile. Participants with questions and concerns will be encouraged to raise up their hands rather than talking to each other. Due to inadequate teaching time, reading materials will be issued to participants for more information and details. The multiracial composition of Houston population n American may lead to language barrier requiring the use interpreters or translators to facilitate the teaching. Houston is a house to Hispanics, Indians, Arabs, Caucasians and Filipino Americans. Shame-free environment will be established to enable some people (overweight and obese) to feel comfortable and express themselves.
To overcome the issue of language barrier, interpreters will be used to pass the information in the language the participants understand best. Public awareness campaign is to be carried out to ensure the public that the program will be shame-free and non-judgmental.
Therapeutic Communication
4.2 Communicate therapeutically with patients.
How will you begin your presentation and capture the interest of your audience? Describe the type of activity will you use with your audience to exhibit active listening? Describe how you applied active listening in tailoring your presentation to your audience? How will you conclude your presentation? What nonverbal communication techniques will you employ?
Entering the room with a jovial smile and making direct eye contact are proven strategies for creating a welcoming environment and will do exactly that. Thanking everyone for finding time to attend and asking them to feel comfortable is a useful way to appreciate their coming. Introducing myself and stating the purpose of the meeting serves to make the audience attentive and focused. Breaking into a local song that invites everyone to take part in the process can also capture audience and make them active listeners. Using clear and simple language can also encourage them to listen in attempt to understand. Welcoming concerns, questions and comments throughout the discussion also makes the audience to be attentive. Ending the meeting with token of appreciation in which the teacher thanks the audience for their time and encouraging them to commit to what they have been taught. I will end the presentation by seeking questions, concerns and comments from the participants. Some of the non-verbal methods to use include using hand to select participants who have comments and questions to ask, using posters and illustrations to explain concepts, using varied voice tone and dressing officially.
References
American Diabetes Association. (2020). Statistics About Diabetes. Retrieved on January 4, 2021 from https://www.diabetes.org/resources/statistics/statistics-about-diabetes
CDC (2019). Summary Health Statistics: National Health Interview Survey: 2018. Table A-4a. http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhis/shs/tables.htm
HealthyPeople.gov. (2020).Diabetes. Retrieved on January 4, 2021 from https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/diabetes/objectives
Huizen, J. (2019, March 27). Type II diabetes and life expectancy. MedicalNewsToday. Retrieved on January 4, 2021 from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/317477
Johnson, E.P., Dunn, M., Cooper, M., & Bhakta, N. (2019). Diabetes Prevention Program Sites Compared With Diabetes Prevalence and Ratio of Primary Care Physicians in Texas. Prevention Chronic Disease, 16:190175. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5888/pcd16.190175
US Department of Health and Human Services- Office of Minority Health. (2020). Diabetes and American Indians/Alaska Natives. Retrieved on January 4, 2021 from https://minorityhealth.hhs.gov/omh/browse.aspx?lvl=4&lvlid=33
World Health Organization. (2020). Physical activity. Retrieved on January 4, 2021 from https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity
Yen, P.H., & Leasure, R. A. (2019). Use and Effectiveness of the teach-back method in patient and health outcomes. Federal Practitioner, 36(6): 284–289.
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