The adsorption method is a simple and easy technique, suitable for large quantities and low arsenic concentrations in water treatment systems. The method uses high surface area, and insoluble solid materials as an adsorbent agent, physical adsorption, chemical adsorption, and other effects of dissolved arsenic in the water will be fixed on its surface. The adsorbent mainly includes activated alumina. The adsorbent mainly includes activated alumina, activated carbon, bone carbon, zeolite, Natural or synthetic metal oxides, and their hydrated oxides, etc.
According to the principle of the adsorption method, the larger the surface area of the adsorbent, the stronger the adsorption capacity. Mohan and other scientists (5) found the results of arsenic removal studies with common adsorbents showed that low-cost adsorbents (e.g., treated furnace agents, treated slag, activated carbon developed from agricultural waste, needle iron ore, etc.) were found to have good arsenic removal effects. In recent years, the improvement of traditional adsorbents and the development of new and efficient arsenic removal adsorbents have been more active. The results showed that the removal of As(III) and As(V) could reach 83.4% and 37.4% with Ca(OH)2 modification of waste wheat barley, which was higher than the used NaOH to remove arsenic.
Natural iron, manganese ore, and manganese adsorbent are also used to remove arsenic from drinking water. Iron cations in iron oxides and hydroxyl groups composed of surface functional groups (Fe-OH) can be positively charged through proton association and dissociation, thus adsorbing arsenic in the form of anions. Arsenic is in the form of ions [6]. Zero-valent iron is an efficient adsorbent for pre-oxidizable arsenic agents. In the presence of oxygen, zero-valent iron is rapidly oxidized in water to iron hydroxide, which adsorbs arsenic from water. Therefore, the removal rate of arsenic by zero-valent iron is related to the content of iron hydroxide in water and the pH value of water, and the removal rate of As(V) is higher than As(III). (7) Berna et al confirmed that higher dissolved oxygen (DO) and lower pH could accelerate the rate of zero-valent iron corrosion and removal of arsenic by zero-valent iron.
Nanomaterials have particle diameters of 1 to 100 nm, and as a new type of adsorbent, they have special physicochemical characteristics and special properties that are superior to traditional materials. Sabbatini et al [8] used iron oxide nanoparticles for the adsorption of arsenic removal and found them to be cost-effective and effective in removing arsenic. The disadvantage of the adsorption method is that it is difficult to recover, and not easy to regenerate, and the adsorption efficiency decreases after regeneration. When some common ions in water (such as phosphate, sulfate, chloride, fluoride, etc.), these substances compete with arsenic for adsorption, thus reducing the efficiency of arsenic removal.
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